Hello,

This PR sets up ty, a type checker developed by the creator of ruff, in CI.

I'm aware that ty is still in preview but there can be a couple of benefits in adding it now.

• It's already very fast and can help us debug faster. mypy is quite slow and disrupts the coding flow.
• The cost of setup is pretty cheap, as it's mostly similar to mypy and pyright. Currently I ignore all errors so that we can fix and enable them gradually, like the other linting and typing errors.
• This also allows us to evaluate if/when ty can be a replacement of mypy and pyright.

Let me know what you think.

• closes #xxxx (Replace xxxx with the GitHub issue number)
• Tests added and passed if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
• All code checks passed.
• Added type annotations to new arguments/methods/functions.
• Added an entry in the latest doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.